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Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008) - New Caledonia (2002)

Compare Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008) z New Caledonia (2002)

 Ashmore and Cartier Islands (2008)New Caledonia (2002)
 Ashmore and Cartier IslandsNew Caledonia
Administrative divisions - none (overseas territory of France); there are no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US Government, but there are 3 provinces named Iles Loyaute, Nord, and Sud
Age structure - 0-14 years: 30% (male 31,862; female 30,577)


15-64 years: 64.1% (male 67,043; female 66,102)


65 years and over: 5.9% (male 5,777; female 6,497) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products - vegetables; beef, deer, other livestock products
Airports - 29 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways - total: 9


over 3,047 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 6


under 914 m: 2 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways - total: 21


914 to 1,523 m: 12


under 914 m: 9 (2002)
Area total: 5 sq km


land: 5 sq km


water: 0 sq km


note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island		 total: 19,060 sq km


land: 18,575 sq km


water: 485 sq km
Area - comparative about eight times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC slightly smaller than New Jersey
Background These uninhabited islands came under Australian authority in 1931; formal administration began two years later. Ashmore Reef supports a rich and diverse avian and marine habitat; in 1983, it became a National Nature Reserve. Cartier Island, a former bombing range, is now a marine reserve. Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades after 1864. Agitation for independence during the 1980s and early 1990s seems to have dissipated.
Birth rate - 19.91 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget - revenues: $861.3 million


expenditures: $735.3 million, including capital expenditures of $52 million (1996 est.)
Capital - Noumea
Climate tropical tropical; modified by southeast trade winds; hot, humid
Coastline 74.1 km 2,254 km
Constitution - 28 September 1958 (French Constitution)
Country name conventional long form: Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands


conventional short form: Ashmore and Cartier Islands		 conventional long form: Territory of New Caledonia and Dependencies


conventional short form: New Caledonia


local long form: Territoire des Nouvelle-Caledonie et Dependances


local short form: Nouvelle-Caledonie
Currency - Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (XPF); note - may adopt the euro in 2003
Death rate - 5.62 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external - $79 million (1998 est.)
Dependency status territory of Australia; administered by the Australian Attorney-General's Department overseas territory of France since 1956
Diplomatic representation from the US none (territory of Australia) none (overseas territory of France)
Diplomatic representation in the US none (territory of Australia) none (overseas territory of France)
Disputes - international Indonesian groups challenge Australia's claim to these islands; Australia closed parts of the Ashmore and Cartier Reserve to Indonesian traditional fishing and placed restrictions on certain catches Matthew and Hunter Islands east of New Caledonia claimed by France and Vanuatu
Economic aid - recipient - $880 million annual subsidy from France
Economy - overview no economic activity New Caledonia has about 25% of the world's known nickel resources. In recent years, the economy has suffered because of depressed international demand for nickel, the principal source of export earnings. Only a small amount of the land is suitable for cultivation, and food accounts for about 20% of imports. In addition to nickel, the substantial financial support from France and tourism are keys to the health of the economy. The situation in 1998 was clouded by the spillover of financial problems in East Asia and by lower prices for nickel. Nickel prices jumped in 1999-2000, and large additions were made to capacity. Strikes in the building industry in 2001, which lasted four months, adversely affected many other sectors of the economy. French Government interests in the New Caledonian nickel industry are being transferred to local ownership.
Electricity - consumption - 1.455 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports - 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports - 0 kWh (2000)
Electricity - production - 1.565 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel: 78%


hydro: 22%


nuclear: 0%


other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m


highest point: unnamed location 3 m		 lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Mont Panie 1,628 m
Environment - current issues NA erosion caused by mining exploitation and forest fires
Ethnic groups - Melanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%, Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3%
Exchange rates - Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique francs (XPF) per US dollar - 135.04 (January 2002), 133.26 (2001), 129.44 (2000), 111.93 (1999), 107.25 (1998), 106.11 (1997); note - linked at the rate of 119.25 XPF to the euro
Executive branch - chief of state: President of France Jacques CHIRAC (since 17 May 1995), represented by High Commissioner Daniel CONSTANTIN (since 3 July 2002)


head of government: President of the Government Pierre FROGIER (since 5 April 2001)


cabinet: Consultative Committee


elections: French president elected by popular vote for a five-year term; high commissioner appointed by the French president on the advice of the French Ministry of Interior; president of the government elected by the members of the Territorial Congress; note - last election held 28 November 2002 when Pierre FROGIER was reelected
Exports - $400 million f.o.b. (2000)
Exports - commodities - ferronickels, nickel ore, fish
Exports - partners - Japan 25.8%, France 18.8%, Taiwan 12%, Australia 8.2%, US 3.0% (1999)
Fiscal year - calendar year
Flag description the flag of Australia is used the flag of France is used
GDP - purchasing power parity - $3.1 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector - agriculture: 5%


industry: 30%


services: 65% (1997 est.)
GDP - per capita - purchasing power parity - $15,000 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate - 2.1% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 12 14 S, 123 05 E 21 30 S, 165 30 E
Geography - note Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983 consists of the main island of New Caledonia (one of the largest in the Pacific Ocean), the archipelago of Iles Loyaute, and numerous small, sparsely populated islands and atolls
Heliports - 5 (2002)
Highways - total: 4,825 km


paved: 2,287 km


unpaved: 2,538 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share - lowest 10%: NA%


highest 10%: NA%
Imports - $1 billion f.o.b. (2000)
Imports - commodities - transport equipment, machinery and electrical equipment, fuels, minerals, wine, sugar, rice
Imports - partners - France 50.2%, Australia 15.1%, Singapore 5.9%, New Zealand 5.2%, Japan 3.7% (1999)
Independence - none (overseas territory of France); note - a referendum on independence was held in 1998 but did not pass; a new referendum is scheduled for 2014
Industrial production growth rate - -0.6% (1996)
Industries - nickel mining and smelting
Infant mortality rate - 8.23 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) - 2.3% (2000 est.)
International organization participation - ESCAP (associate), FZ, ICFTU, SPC, WFTU, WMO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 1 (2000)
Irrigated land 0 sq km 160 sq km (1991)
Judicial branch - Court of Appeal or Cour d'Appel; County Courts; Joint Commerce Tribunal Court; Children's Court
Labor force - 79,395 (including 15,018 unemployed, 1996)
Labor force - by occupation - agriculture 7%, industry 23%, services 70% (1999 est.)
Land boundaries 0 km 0 km
Land use arable land: 0%


permanent crops: 0%


other: 100% (all grass and sand) (2005)		 arable land: 0.38%


permanent crops: 0.33%


other: 99.29% (1998 est.)
Languages - French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects
Legal system the laws of the Commonwealth of Australia and the laws of the Northern Territory of Australia, where applicable, apply the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands; formerly under French law
Legislative branch - unicameral Territorial Congress or Congres Territorial (54 seats; members are members of the three Provincial Assemblies or Assemblees Provinciales elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)


elections: last held 9 May 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - RPCR 24, FLNKS 12, UNI 6, FCCI 4, FN 4, Alliance pour la Caledonie 3, LKS 1


note: New Caledonia elects 1 seat to the French Senate; elections last held 24 September 2001 (next to be held NA September 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA; New Caledonia also elects 2 seats to the French National Assembly; elections last held 9 and 16 June 2002 (next to be held 2007); results - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - NA
Life expectancy at birth - total population: 73.27 years


male: 70.32 years


female: 76.36 years (2002 est.)
Literacy - definition: age 15 and over can read and write


total population: 91%


male: 92%


female: 90% (1976 est.)
Location Southeastern Asia, islands in the Indian Ocean, midway between northwestern Australia and Timor island Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
Map references Southeast Asia Oceania
Maritime claims territorial sea: 12 nm


contiguous zone: 12 nm


exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm


continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation		 exclusive economic zone: 200 NM


territorial sea: 12 NM
Merchant marine - total: 1 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 1,261 GRT/1,600 DWT


ships by type: cargo 1


note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: Malaysia 1 (2002 est.)
Military - note defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force defense is the responsibility of France
Military branches - no regular indigenous military forces; French Armed Forces (including Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie); Police Force
Military expenditures - dollar figure - $192.3 million (FY96)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP - 5.3% (FY96)
National holiday - Bastille Day, 14 July (1789)
Nationality - noun: New Caledonian(s)


adjective: New Caledonian
Natural hazards surrounded by shoals and reefs that can pose maritime hazards cyclones, most frequent from November to March
Natural resources fish nickel, chrome, iron, cobalt, manganese, silver, gold, lead, copper
Net migration rate - 0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
People - note the landing of illegal immigrants from Indonesia's Rote Island has become an ongoing problem -
Political parties and leaders - Alliance pour la Caledonie or APLC [Didier LE ROUX]; Federation des Comites de Coordination des Independantistes or FCCI [Raphael MAPOU]; Front National or FN [Guy GEORGE]; Front Uni de Liberation Kanak or FULK [Ernest UNE]; Kanak Socialist Front for National Liberation or FLNKS [Rock WAMYTAN] (includes PALIKA, UNI, UC, and UPM); Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA [Paul NEAOUTYINE and Elie POIGOUNE]; Rally for Caledonia in the Republic or RPCR [Jacques LAFLEUR]; Union Nationale pour l'Independance or UNI [Paul NEAOUTYINE]; note - may no longer exist, but Paul NEAOUTYINE has since become a president of Parti de Liberation Kanak or PALIKA; Union Progressiste Melanesienne or UPM [Victor TUTUGORO]
Political pressure groups and leaders - NA
Population no indigenous inhabitants


note: Indonesian fishermen are allowed access to the lagoon and fresh water at Ashmore Reef's West Island		 207,858 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line - NA%
Population growth rate - 1.43% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors - Mueo, Noumea, Thio
Radio broadcast stations - AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios - 107,000 (1997)
Railways - 0 km (2002)
Religions - Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10%
Sex ratio - at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female


total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage - 18 years of age; universal
Telephone system - general assessment: NA


domestic: NA


international: satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use - 47,000 (1997)
Telephones - mobile cellular - 13,040 (1998)
Television broadcast stations - 6 (plus 25 low-power repeaters) (1997)
Terrain low with sand and coral coastal plains with interior mountains
Total fertility rate - 2.44 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate - 19% (1996)
Waterways - none
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